![]() In the case of CoviVac, the virus has been inactivated so that its genetic material cannot infect cells or replicate but can still trigger an immune response. Russia's CoviVac is what's known as a whole virus vaccine - it includes the spike proteins on the outside of the viral envelope (its shell, as it were) and its genetic material on the inside. Sometimes, Russia's CoviVac is also spelled with a hyphen. To confuse matters, an American developer, Codagenix, is working on a COVID-19 vaccine of its own with a similar name, Covi-Vac (notice the hyphen). But beyond that there is no mention of it at, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the WHO's vaccine tracker. The Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society of the USA lists CoviVac as an inactivated vaccine. Russian COVID-19 vaccine CoviVac is listed as an inactivated vaccine Image: Chumakov/dpa/picture alliance We know that CoviVac is developed by the Chumakov Centre, a branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. There is little or no detail on CoviVac via international or verified sources. Russian authorities claimed it was 100% effective in very early trials. ![]() Īs of March 1, the World Health Organization (WHO) had yet to receive an Expression of Interest (EOI) from EpiVacCorona's developers, "Vector," to enable WHO experts to evaluate their vaccine.ĮpiVacCorona can be stored in standard refrigerators. The embassy says, "No," not until the European Medicines Agency allows it. ![]() The vaccine's lack of approval has been highlighted by the Russian Embassy in Germany, where it appears people have been asking whether they can get a Russian vaccine. It's not approved for use in any other country, apart from Turkmenistan, according to a report by the state-run Turkmenistan State News Agency (TDH). It has passed phase 1 and phase 2 trials and been approved in Russia. Russian COVID-19 vaccine EpiVacCorona relies on a chemically synthesized antigen Image: Rospotrebnadzor /Tass/dpa/picture alliance According to, a resource provided by the US National Library of Medicine, EpiVacCorona trials are ongoing, with results expected no sooner than May 2021. The antigen is a substance that causes the human immune system to produce antibodies against a virus. The EpiVacCorona vaccine relies on a chemically synthesized antigen - it does not contain the live virus. There are reports of about 20 Russian COVID-19 vaccines in development, including Mir-19, which recently completed the first stage of preclinical trials at Russia's Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA). Neither have gone through phase 3 trials.Īnd there will be more like them. Russia approved its second COVID-19 vaccine, EpiVacCorona, in October 2020 and in February 2021 it approved CoviVac. So, there's still a lot of work to be done with the Russian vaccines. Russia started its vaccination campaign in mid-January, with centers even in department stores, as here Image: Pavel Golovkin/AP Photo/picture allianceĭuring the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been possible for developers to conduct phase 2 and 3 trials in parallel to speed up the process and meet the demands of the global emergency.īut even after phase 3, trials do continue : Phase 4 trials are used to test a drug or vaccine on a much wider population over a longer time frame. All approved before phase 3 trialsĪ vaccine or drug would normally - and perhaps a pandemic is not normal - be released for use on the general public only after phase 3 clinical trials had been conducted, completed and verified by independent researchers. It was only then, after approval by Russian authorities, that large-scale clinical trials for the vaccine involving over 40,000 people took place. The country became the first in the world to approve a COVID-19 vaccine - Sputnik V - in early August 2020. And it appears to be pushing three homegrown vaccines to meet that goal at all costs.Īll three of those vaccines have been approved prior to completing large-scale phase 3 clinical trials - an internationally recognized scientific standard that aims to ensure the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Russia wants the majority of its citizens to be vaccinated against the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, by the autumn of 2021.
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I'm playing as an Mashriqi ruler of my own creation in Mosul area. Please explain the issue you experienced in the most condensed way possible Have you tried verifying your game files (Steam only)? Your Empire now start with absolute crown authority since this makes sense to the Roman Empire.Short summary of your issue Mashriqi culture not recognized as a valid command // cannot change country culture Cohortes Urbanae et Cohortes Vigilum - anywhere Castra Legionaria - any main county capital castle Grand Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus (Temple in Jerusalem) - Jerusalem Aedes Pantheum Optimi Maximi - Farfa (north of Rome) ![]() The Colosseum Restored (The Colosseum) - Rome Regia de Collegium Pontificum (Hagia Sophia) - Constantinople (plan ahead before finishing this innovation, you should first get a good amount of money and income going in order to keep a big amount of the men at arms units since you will lose all of your levies, so as soon as you finish the innovation buy a lot of the men at arms right away, specially the Legionaries since they have 480 men for each unit) This gives your empire a huge nerf to levies size, but at the same time gives you a increased number of men at arms and new professional units based on the ancient roman ones including Legionaries, Velites, Equites and a decision that adds the incredible strong Praetorian Guard. New innovation: Exercitum Romanus: By abandoning a big part of the traditional "levies" system that uses peasants as troops, and focusing on professional and salaried soldiers with the studie of the ancient ways of war from the first legions, improved early medieval armament and armory, we can create even better legions that will conquer the world once more. Is up to you to unite the empire under the true roman domination by restoring control under the territories you already have, by friendship or by the sword, and then conquering back the city of Rome itself and all the territories the true roman empire had. Also a major part of your empire to the east still follows christianity, with small pockets also on your west, not to mention Bulgaria on your north trying to resist this "pagan religion" that they consider evil and hostile. That doesnt mean you will not have a challenge ahead: You have a lot of vassals the old orthodox vassals who consider you a godless heathen, and that could risk yet another civil war. He spent the next years converting, with the help of his newly converted vassals who were part of the coup, cities to a renewed roman tradition, which means some of the places on your empire already have the roman culture and religion now. He refounded the Collegium Pontificum under a restored and organized roman religion called Pantheon Maioris Romanus. The goal of the mod is to provide a roleplaying alternative where you will start at the year of 867 as a man who claims being a descendent of Augustus himself!Ĭoming from the city of Rome (that now lays on the hands of christians) this young and ambitious man named Romullus, climbed the political ranks of the Eastern Roman Empire and usurped the orthodox emperor with the help of disgruntled vassals. With custom initial characters from the Julio-Claudia dynasty. ![]() It has the actual roman names for everything including Gods (like Jupiter, Mars, Neptune etc.) and religion head titles (Pontifex Maximus). This mod adds the Pantheon Maioris Romanus religion to the game, which is a reformed organized version of the true old roman cults and religion called Mos Maiorum. This is a alternative history mod that aims for the restoration of the true Roman Empire with the roman religion and culture added to the byzantine empire faction (now named Eastern Roman Empire as it should be). ![]() However Tannenberg was chosen as the official name as a reference to the first Battle of Tannenberg on 15th July 1410 when an alliance between Poland and Lithuania defeated a German - Prussian army of Teutonic Nights. Strictly speaking the battle was not centred on Tannenberg. The stone marker has long since gone but we were able to find the base of the old monument. ![]() There used to be a marker on the spot where Hindenburg issued his orders. ![]() It also marked the debut of what was to become one of WW1' most enduring military partnerships - Hindenburg and Luddendorf.ĭuring the battle, Hindenburg had his Field Headquarters at Frogenau, just a few miles from the town of Tannenberg. By focussing all of their strength on the Russian 2nd Army, the Germans were able to rout Samsonov's invading force and stabilize the situation in East Prussia. Tannenberg was, of course, a decisive victory for the Germans. 28 Germans and 322 are interred in this atmospheric spot. Our route took us through Skottau (Szkotowo) where local enthusiasts have very recently restored the military cemetery. similar to the terrain found in the Belgian Ardennes Forest. To the north on the route taken by the victorious German 15th Corps the landscape is made up of steep sided valleys and rocky hills. The XX Corps positions are marked by the small cemeteries that can be seen on the tree line adjacent to the Orlawa to Turowo road. We travelled south following the opposing defence lines. Our walk followed the line of the Russian attack through to the point which marked the line of withdrawal for the German defenders. Behind the tree line is a river crossing and old mill where the fighting on the 24th was particularly intense. This marks the military cemetery which contains 329 German and 1000 Russian graves. On the extreme left you will see a small cross at the front of the trees. In the picture on the right, my friends are standing on what was the Russian front line. We chose to walk the Russian front line position on a forward slope 100 yards in front of the German trenches which still exist in the environs of Orlau Military Cemetery. Cultivated fields, small woods & copses and a smattering of villages and farmsteads. The topography around Orlau is not what I had imagined - it is rather like the Somme area of Northern France. The first substantive contact on the North / South axis came at Orlau (Orlawa) on the 24th August where the German XX Corps were heavily entrenched. the Arrival of Rennenkampf's 1st Army and Samsonov's 2nd Army in East Prussia presented a major challenge. The Russians had mobilised much more quickly than anticipated. The area in question is in the vicinity of Allenstein (now Olsztyn). However with some help we covered some of the central ground covered by the Russian 2nd Army and the German 8th Army during the fighting of the 26th to 29th August 1914. It covers a vast area and most of the monuments, markers and cemeteries have been lost in the years that have intervened. The Tannenberg battlefield is not easy to interpret. ![]() ![]() The big question, though, is how secure these locks really are. Perhaps more critically, someone who accesses your phone (and its smart-lock app) also has access to whatever is behind your door. Losing your smartphone could also mean getting locked out of your house. Use of low-energy Bluetooth helps manufacturers claim about a year of operating life using standard AA batteries if they die before you replace them, you’ll need a physical key to enter. Installing a smart lock requires batteries. iTouchless’ Bio-Matic model includes a fingerprint scanner. Smart locks are not without potential drawbacks, or at least wrinkles that don’t apply to pure-analog locks. The Nucli isn’t yet available, but you can preorder it on Indiegogo. Nucli includes an application programming interface “so developers can create new and exciting applications for the Nucli smart lock that will enhance your lock for years to come,” the company says. The iTouchless Bio-Matic Fingerprint Door, a $329 unit offered by a maker of touchless trash cans and soap dispensers, includes a fingerprint scanner and a keypad.Ĭan’t decide which feature set you need? With Westinghouse Security’s Nucli, you can get them all: fingerprint recognition, camera, voice control, and even voice mail. If voice, Bluetooth, and keypads don’t offer enough entry options, fingerprint recognition is another. Two other, competing wireless-device communication protocols, Zigbee and Z-Wave, provide the means to develop voice-controlled locks without requiring HomeKit. The August Smart Lock (starting at $199), designed to replace a traditional deadbolt, also supports Apple’s HomeKit. ![]() As a result, Siri can now unlock doors for you. The 96-year-old lock maker Schlage was first off the blocks with its Sense lock, integrating its technology with Apple’s HomeKit home automation platform in late 2015. Some newer smart locks support voice commands. Some smart-lock models, Kozak says, include an accelerometer-a sensing device enabling the lock to notify the homeowner whether a door had been simply slammed or knocked off its hinges. It ships with two physical keys, a fob, and two “eKeys” unique to a specific user’s phone adding more users requires purchasing additional eKeys. The Kevo lock-licensed by several manufacturers, including Kwikset and Weiser-by contrast, replaces an existing lock. Kwikset’s Kevo uses a unique eKey for each person who has access. On the less expensive end of the spectrum, Lockitron makes a lock starting at $99 that simply fits over an existing deadbolt lever. Most smart-lock systems can also be programmed to alert homeowners when someone enters (or tries to enter) the door.Ī few models demonstrate the range of costs and features currently available. Outliers aside, IHS Principal Analyst Blake Kozak says about two dozen companies now offer residential devices enabling users to lock or unlock doors remotely using a smartphone app or a low-energy Bluetooth connection. The worldwide market for these devices, which are designed to seamlessly connect with smartphone apps and communications protocols, will grow from $261 million in 2013 to $3.6 billion in 2019, research firm NextMarket Insights projects.Īs hackers and manufacturers test and improve their security, we thought we’d take a look at some of the best smart locks available and in development-as well as some of the challenges their makers are working to overcome to keep you safe. People today can install a variety of so-called smart locks on their doors to remotely unlock them-or give guests or workers keyless access to them-from 5 inches to 5,000 miles away. And like anything that survives thousands of years, they are evolving. They represent the most old-fashioned form of security around today. Locks and keys go back several thousand years-early examples were found in the ruins of ancient Babylon and Assyria. You can follow the screenshots below or watch the video at the end of the post. Thankfully, I figured it out – and now I am sharing it with you. I honestly Googled every term I could think of to find the answer, with no luck. How Do You Change the Settings?įor the life of me, I could not figure out how to change the settings for scan resolution in HP Scan (mine is version 4.4.1). I don’t know if I will ever make a paper copy of these photos (after all, I am scanning them so I can get rid of the paper) but who knows? So, it would seem that 200 ppi was not going to cut it. ![]() Find a great discussion of optimal scanning resolutions here. (find the difference between ppi and dpi here) I am no expert, but according to everything that I read, you should be using 300 ppi or above for photos, especially if you plan to print them out down the road. The rest should have been easy – but it wasn’t.īy default, HP scan was scanning my photos at 200 ppi – which is 200 pixels per square inch. Just as an FYI I have an HP 8600 All In One.) ![]() (If you don’t have it, you can search the HP website for your model and download it there. HP Scan comes bundled with the full featured software that HP puts out with their printers. So, I opted to use the HP Scan app instead. It then gives you full access to your HP. Though HP Scan existed in the past, this new version is suitable for any device running Windows 10. It offers an easy alternative for those who need to scan and edit or print both documents and photos. And for some reason, my “go to” app for scanning, Image Capture, would not work. HP Scan and Capture for Windows 10 is a scanning app that works with any printers and nearby devices. Since I last scanned photos, I upgraded the operating system on my Mac to Yosemite. I feel that the quality of the photo scans using the flatbed is better than the results that I get from my Fujitsu Scan Snap sheet fed scanner (which really rocks for documents). In my case, I prefer to use the flatbed scanner that is part of my HP all in one printer. Migrating paper photographs to digital format is a time consuming process and involves a scanner. So I have boxes of photos in addition to my digital collection. Thus, any document which has been rendered using one of the aforementioned image formats can be easily converted to EasyScan using EasyScan.I hate to admit it, but yes – I was around long before the digital camera revolution. What is great about EasyScan is that it transmits documents which are in BMP, JPEG, and GIF format. To overcome these issues, the developers of this product have developed an EasyScan software which utilizes the IBM-PC's Color Port architecture. However, the RGB channel is usually incapable of encoding BMP or GIF files due to the limitations of the eyes and other factors. One of the most popular techniques of transmission in a regular computer or laptop is the RGB channel. The EasyScan software also enables you to scan documents using different scanning techniques and with different image quality and clarity. Moreover, the use of Twain in the EasyScan software makes it distinct from other similar programs since it can only be utilized on certain systems. EasyScan utilizes the standard Twain features which enable all Windows operating systems to install, run and utilize this software. ![]() This is the product of Philippe Mignard, a French inventor and businessman. EasyScan is a high-quality document and image scanning utility that enable users to scan almost all kinds of printer devices. What version of Windows can Adobe Reader XI run on?Īdobe Reader XI can be used on a computer running Windows 11 or Windows 10. Is Adobe Reader XI at end of life?Īdobe Reader XI has now been discontinued (at end of life) and no further updates are to be expected. Download and installation of this PC software is free and 23.003.20201 is the latest version last time we checked.
![]() a ilk gelişim → Đây là lần đầu tiên tôi đến. an → C'est la première fois que je viens à. See also business, coach, day, field, roundĮnglish-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 To take a trip down memory lane → revivir el pasado Take a trip to your local library → hágale una visita a la biblioteca de su barrio, visite la biblioteca de su barrio They took a trip to Canada → (se) fueron de viaje a Canadá To take a trip they took a trip to York → fueron de excursión a York She went on a trip to Tasmania → (se) fue de viaje a Tasmania He made several trips to the toilet → fue varias veces al servicio To make a trip we made a trip into town → fuimos a la ciudad She's planning a trip round the world → está planeando hacer un viaje por todo el mundoĪ trip to the park/seaside → una excursión or una salida al parque/a la playaĪ trip to the cinema → una visita or una salida al cineĪ trip to the doctor → una visita al médicoīoat trip → paseo m or excursión f en barco It's a 100-mile trip → es un recorrido or un viaje de 100 millas It's her first trip abroad → es su primer viaje al extranjero (= journey) → viaje m (= excursion) → excursión f (= visit) → visita f (= outing) → salida f Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012 tripġ. ![]() Another essential factor that counts towards ease of use is a machine that does not require complex clean-up. Pick a gadget that offers efficient performance, speedy cook time, and a great design interface. When investing in a popcorn maker for your home, find one that is easy to set up, use, and maintain. With a higher wattage, the popcorn yield time can come up to 2-5 minutes per batch. However, if you want to churn out popcorn batches faster, then consider picking up a machine within the range of 640-860 watts. If your popcorn machine wattage range is higher than 480 watts, it has a quick cook time. The higher the wattage, the faster your popcorn pops. It simply determines the average duration of cooking time. Many potential buyers get confused about popcorn machine wattage. The size of the popcorn machine kettle usually depends on your usage. Additionally, stainless steel kettles are mostly rust-resistant.Īnother significant factor is the kettle size, which determines the popcorn yield per batch. While aluminum kettles are easy to use as well as affordable, stainless steel material is a non-reactive surface and easy to maintain. The two best kettle materials are aluminum and stainless steel. So, considering the kettle’s material, volume, and capacity is very important when you are sizing up your options. The kettle is an essential component of a popcorn machine. A 6-8 ounce capacity is a more reliable option if you plan on having large groups of friends at your house. Why? Well, you shouldn't invest in a kernel popper that only yields 4 ounces of popcorn per batch when you want to host large parties and events. Whenever you plan on buying a popcorn maker for your home theater or regular use, check its capacity first. On average, 1 ounce of popcorn is enough for an individual serving. Essential Considerations To Make When Buying A Popcorn Machine However, it isn’t as convenient as the electrical options available in the modern market. This variant uses the stove and a stirring mechanism to pop the kernels. The last type of popcorn machine is a stovetop popcorn maker, which has seen a decline in popularity. Hot-air poppers are affordably priced and offer a healthier snack alternative for diet-conscious consumers. This variant swirls the hot air, causing the kernels to puff up. They also come in many shapes and sizes.Ī much more health-friendly popcorn-making option is a hot air popper that utilizes no oils. This variant pops the corn kernels by heating the oil or butter in the kettle. The most common popcorn maker is a theater-style, electrical popcorn machine that uses an oil popping method. There are three major types of popcorn machines that differ in terms of mechanism. Over the years, popcorn makers have become more and more diverse with many different features, styles, and types. What Are The Different Types Of Popcorn Machines? This buying guide will help you understand the inner workings of a popcorn maker, helping to simplify the technical specifications and letting you make the best purchasing decision for you. But when you have so many popcorn makers to choose from, how do you find the one that’s right for you? However, you can easily replicate the cart-style popcorn flavor at home with a popcorn machine. Unfortunately, microwave popcorn is a mediocre option compared to the fresh, tantalizing aroma of movie theater popcorn. Movies and fresh popcorn are everyone's favorite combo. My 1,000 Ideas and Activities for Language Teachers eBook is currently available for purchase. Students should keep a record of this information and revisit it in your next class. Play a role-playing game with your students to see how they would react to this news story. Students are more likely to be familiar with this information in their L1 classes, so bringing a background knowledge to the classroom is a good idea. People are drawn to the sparkle of blue eyes because it creates a glittery effect, according to Alistair Moffat. People find blue eyes more appealing than white ones, according to researchers. Because they absorb light more effectively, darker eyes appear to have less sparkle. Moffat’s belief is that blue eyes are attractive / attractive to people. They discovered that blue is the most commonly used / commonly used color. A map of eye colors in the United Kingdom was created by scientists. To assess the effectiveness of the exercise, look at the answers you gave in groups / pairs. Make notes of any questions you want to ask the class about the text that you read in the article. You can find synonyms for the words ‘common’ and ‘colour’ 2 by searching your dictionary / computer. People with blue eyes appear to be more attractive to scientists. ![]() The majority of people in Edinburgh had blue eyes, and the fewest blue-eyed people were concentrated in the southwest of England. Blue eyes represent 48 percent of British people, green eyes represent 30 percent, and brown eyes represent 22 percent. Some researchers are perplexed as to why some parts of Britain have people with blue eyes. The majority of people in Edinburgh had blue eyes. The researchers discovered that 48 percent of British people have blue eyes, while 30 percent have green. London is also home to a large population of people with blue eyes, but brown eyes are more common.īased on a study of eye color, researchers have created a color map of Britain. This is due to the large population of people with brown eyes in the city. We can serve you at our convenient location in Independence/Kansas City at (816) 358-3600.The most common eye color in London is brown. Call us today to make an appointment for an eye exam. Please contact Silverstein Eye Care Centers. No matter what color your eyes are, you need to have them regularly examined. The following may indicate a more serious problem: If your eyes exhibit any unusual color changes, you need to visit your eye doctor for an exam to determine if you have a threatening condition. ARE THERE ABNORMAL EYE COLORS TO BE AWARE OF? ![]() The only conclusive difference between blue eyes and brown eyes is that blue eyes are more sensitive to light since their isn’t much pigment to absorb the light rays. Ultimately, from these studies you can conclude that there is no significant difference between the eye’s ability to see or affect reaction time. A study on the kicking reaction times of rugby players suggests there is no difference between the athletes’ abilities based off of eye color. While a number of studies suggest brown eyes and blue eyes allow people to perform different tasks with advantages, other studies reject this conclusion. The same study reports that people with blue eyes perform better at active tasks like pitching a baseball or throwing a football. A sports correlative study at the University of Louisville reports that brown-eyed people perform better at reactive tasks such as catching or hitting. While the results of quality of vision are not significantly different for eyes of any color, some studies reveal that people with brown eyes have quicker reaction times.Ī brown iris absorbs more light than a lighter blue or green iris, which may directly lead to quicker reaction times. Since brown eyes are the most common in the world, you can imagine there might be a genetic preference with a purpose. With such a variety of color, it becomes an area of interest to learn if one color provides a visual advantage over the other. Other colors, like green and amber and silver, are more rare and account for a small percentage of people across the earth. ![]() It makes up for more than half of the world’s population followed by blue and hazel eyes at a distant tie for second place with eight percent of the world’s population each. The most common eye color in the world is brown. ![]() A used ED80 might make sense to buy where a new one doesn’t e.g. It is unlikely to encounter any substantial issues with the ED80 when buying a second-hand unit, and anything wrong will be immediately apparent, such as damage to the objective lens or focuser, as this telescope is so straightforward in design. Celestron’s Advanced VX will work too if that’s all you can afford, but its tracking accuracy is inferior, and you will rely more on autoguiding to pick up the slack, which kind of ruins the cost savings. Orion sells this scope bundled with their Sirius HEQ5, and this is really the best choice all around ( Sky-Watcher’s HEQ5 Pro is identical apart from the fit and finish). An equatorial mount is really only necessary for astrophotography with the ED80 and can easily double or triple the weight of the whole setup.įor astrophotography, you’ll of course want a computerized German equatorial mount with autoguider compatibility. Mount Recommendationsįor visual use, we would choose a lightweight alt-azimuth mount for the ED80 like the Vixen Porta II or the Explore Scientific Twilight I. However, for almost anything else, you’ll want to buy Orion’s 100mm ID tube rings and a compatible Vixen-style dovetail plate, which will allow you to put the ED80 on almost any mount you could possibly want. The ED80 comes with a simple foot on the bottom with a ¼ 20 hole for use on a photo tripod, which is fine for birding or casual astronomy use. ![]() The focuser also has a Vixen/Synta-style shoe molded-in for a finderscope/red dot sight to be attached. It uses a simple set screw to hold your diagonal/adapter and is, of course, all-metal the lack of fine adjustment or easy locking/tension adjustment makes it far from ideal for imaging purposes, but it will suffice for a simple DSLR/mirrorless camera or diagonal and eyepiece combination. The ED80’s focuser is a relatively proletarian single-speed 2” Crayford. Additionally, the longer focal length allows you to do a little better imaging of small objects like globular clusters and galaxies (though they’re still not ideal targets for a small refractor). The ED80’s slower focal ratio of f/7.5 may not make it quite as suitable for wide-field views or imaging, but at the same time it has much sharper high-power images, doesn’t need super-short focal length eyepieces or a Barlow for high magnification use, and the reduced chromatic aberration means less bloat on your stars in images. Compared to a cheap FPL-51 or FK-61 triplet or doublet, the ED80 is vastly superior optically. But the ED80’s design works just fine, and there’s not much chromatic aberration. Pricier scopes will either use fluorite in place of the FPL-53, or add an additional lens element-either will provide better color correction, and the latter can improve edge-of-field aberration control, which is crucial for astrophotography. This design is pretty much the gold standard for most inexpensive ED doublets. The ED80 has a relatively simple apochromatic doublet design, with an FPL-53 lens element. It uses the same optics as the Sky-Watcher Evostar 80ED (formerly ProEd 80). The Orion ED80 is an 80mm (3.1”) ED doublet refractor with a focal ratio of f/7.5 and a focal length of 600mm. |
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